{"id":12890,"date":"2024-06-21T18:27:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T22:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubalex.org\/?p=12890"},"modified":"2024-07-02T12:49:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T16:49:24","slug":"la-acusacion-fiscal-el-caso-de-sulmira-martinez-perez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubalex.org\/en\/2024\/06\/21\/la-acusacion-fiscal-el-caso-de-sulmira-martinez-perez\/","title":{"rendered":"La acusaci\u00f3n fiscal en el caso de Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez podr\u00eda enfrentar una condena <\/a>de diez a\u00f1os de prisi\u00f3n seg\u00fan las conclusiones provisionales de la Fiscal\u00eda, por expresarse en redes sociales contra el r\u00e9gimen cubano y abogar por la protesta pac\u00edfica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El fiscal Edward Roberts Campbell ha solicitado una sanci\u00f3n conjunta de diez a\u00f1os de privaci\u00f3n de libertad para la joven de 22 a\u00f1os, actualmente recluida en la Prisi\u00f3n de Mujeres de Occidente conocida como El Guatao, en La Habana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfSe apega a los principios de legalidad y justicia? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La calificaci\u00f3n legal ofrecida por el Fiscal Edward Robert Campbell a la Sala de los Delitos contra la Seguridad del Estado del Tribunal Provincial Popular de La Habana, en la segunda de sus conclusiones provisionales presentadas el 24 de abril de 2024, es desacertada. A continuaci\u00f3n, se exponen los fundamentos de derecho que sustentan esta afirmaci\u00f3n: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El fiscal ha calificado legalmente los hechos que ha relatado en la primera de sus conclusiones provisionales como constitutivos de los delitos de Desacato (Art\u00edculos 185.1 y 2) y Contra el Orden Constitucional (Art\u00edculo 119.3 en relaci\u00f3n con el 119.1) del C\u00f3digo Penal (Ley 151\/2022). Al respecto refiri\u00f3: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“(Respecto a los hechos cometidos antes de la entrada en vigor de la Ley 151. Se integra en delito previsto en el art\u00edculo 99 de la Ley 62 que posee igual marco sancionador)”.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El fiscal propuso, y el tribunal acept\u00f3, una calificaci\u00f3n legal que viola el principio de que las leyes penales no pueden aplicarse retroactivamente. Este principio tiene una excepci\u00f3n: solo puede aplicarse retroactivamente cuando la ley es m\u00e1s favorable a la persona acusada. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para determinar cu\u00e1l es la ley m\u00e1s favorable, el tribunal debe considerar cu\u00e1l produce el resultado m\u00e1s beneficioso para la persona acusada, evaluando objetivamente los hechos del caso y las leyes vigentes en el momento de la decisi\u00f3n. No se trata de comparar disposiciones individuales de las dos leyes, sino de evaluar su contenido completo, incluyendo la pena, los elementos del delito y las circunstancias agravantes de la responsabilidad penal. Por ejemplo, si en el caso concreto es posible aplicar una sanci\u00f3n de limitaci\u00f3n de libertad o de trabajo correccional sin internamiento, el C\u00f3digo Penal vigente ser\u00eda m\u00e1s favorable que el derogado, incluso si establece sanciones m\u00e1s severas en otros aspectos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El tribunal debe considerar ambas leyes, te\u00f3ricamente coexistentes, evaluando cu\u00e1l se aplica mejor al caso concreto, y no \u00fanicamente cu\u00e1l est\u00e1 vigente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo debe actuar el tribunal en este caso? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Aplicar hipot\u00e9ticamente la ley penal vigente en el momento en que se cometi\u00f3 el delito y, posteriormente, hacer lo mismo con la ley en vigor en el momento del juicio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Comparar las posibles resoluciones y elegir la m\u00e1s favorable para la persona acusada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. El examen comparativo debe concluir con la elecci\u00f3n de una de las dos leyes, la anterior o la nueva. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Es incorrecto aplicar disposiciones de ambas leyes simult\u00e1neamente, ya que esto crea una nueva ley hecha a conveniencia del fiscal, cuyo objetivo es imponer sanciones m\u00e1s severas para castigar la disidencia, censurar la libre expresi\u00f3n y restringir el derecho a la protesta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conclusiones<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sulmira<\/a>, al igual que el resto de las personas en Cuba, no puede ejercer su derecho a la manifestaci\u00f3n pac\u00edfica, a pesar de que este derecho est\u00e1 consagrado en el art\u00edculo 56 de la Constituci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica. La raz\u00f3n principal es que el Gobierno cubano, a pesar de su promesa legislativa, no ha promulgado una ley de desarrollo que permita el pleno ejercicio de este derecho fundamental. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Esta omisi\u00f3n permite la criminalizaci\u00f3n de cualquier acci\u00f3n ciudadana de cr\u00edtica, protesta, desacuerdo y oposici\u00f3n a las autoridades, quienes son responsables de la crisis econ\u00f3mica, la violencia y la decadencia total que se vive hoy en la Isla. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez podr\u00eda enfrentar una condena de diez a\u00f1os de prisi\u00f3n seg\u00fan las conclusiones provisionales de la Fiscal\u00eda, por expresarse en redes sociales contra el r\u00e9gimen cubano y abogar por la protesta pac\u00edfica. El fiscal Edward Roberts Campbell ha solicitado una sanci\u00f3n conjunta de diez a\u00f1os de privaci\u00f3n de libertad para la joven de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":12892,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[551856033,111160486],"tags":[16719,551855965,551856638,31684,7629682,551856052,112601],"class_list":["post-12890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos","category-cubalex","tag-cuba","tag-cubalex","tag-derecho-a-la-protesta","tag-derechos-humanos","tag-detencion-arbitraria","tag-presos-politicos","tag-represion"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cubalex.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Portada-Sulmira-Martinez.webp?fit=1200%2C560&ssl=1","acf":{"translation_reviewed":false},"yoast_head":"\nLa acusaci\u00f3n fiscal en el caso de Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez\u00a0 - Cubalex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cubalex.org\/en\/2024\/06\/21\/la-acusacion-fiscal-el-caso-de-sulmira-martinez-perez\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La acusaci\u00f3n fiscal en el caso de Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez\u00a0 - Cubalex\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sulmira Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez podr\u00eda enfrentar una condena de diez a\u00f1os de prisi\u00f3n seg\u00fan las conclusiones provisionales de la Fiscal\u00eda, por expresarse en redes sociales contra el r\u00e9gimen cubano y abogar por la protesta pac\u00edfica. 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