Reports

Monthly, semiannual, and thematic reports on the human rights situation in Cuba

Informe Mensual Sobre la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Cuba | Febrero 2025

Resumen Ejecutivo La crisis en Cuba persiste y se profundiza. En febrero de 2025, una vez más quedó en evidencia la ineficiencia, insostenibilidad y represión del régimen, en un contexto cada vez más crítico marcado por la escasez de alimentos y medicinas, así como el colapso del sistema de salud. [...]

Early Release in Cuba: Lack of Transparency and Political Use of the Judicial System 

Executive Summary On January 14, 2025, the Cuban government announced an early release program that raised expectations among the families of incarcerated individuals. However, an investigation by Cubalex reveals that these releases did not reflect a genuine commitment to human rights nor [...]

Informe Mensual Sobre la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Cuba | Enero 2025

Resumen Ejecutivo El informe de Cubalex sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Cuba durante enero de 2025 expone un panorama de creciente represión estatal, crisis humanitaria y violaciones sistemáticas de derechos fundamentales. Uno de los hechos más alarmantes fue la explosión en una unidad militar en Holguín, donde [...]

Interrogations in Cuba: Pattern of State Repression and Rights Violations (2022-2024) 

This Cubalex report analyzes how documented interrogations in Cuba are part of a surveillance and control model targeting activists, independent journalists, and human rights defenders. Between 2022 and 2024, 493 cases were recorded, demonstrating a systematic violation of international protections such as the Convention against the Prosecution of Human Rights.

Informe Mensual Sobre la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Cuba | Diciembre 2024

Resumen Ejecutivo En el informe correspondiente al mes de diciembre de 2024, nuestro equipo de monitoreo destaca una alarmante situación de derechos humanos en Cuba, marcada por el aumento de la represión, una creciente precariedad socioeconómica y un sistema de control estatal cada vez más rígido. Durante este periodo, los [...]

Informe Mensual Sobre la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Cuba | Noviembre 2024

Resumen Ejecutivo El mes de noviembre de 2024 se caracterizó por una intensificación de la crisis en Cuba, marcada por fenómenos naturales devastadores, agravamiento de la escasez de recursos básicos y represión estatal. El huracán Rafael dejó serios daños materiales y apagones prolongados, mientras que varios sismos en la región [...]

Informe Mensual Sobre la Situación de los Derechos Humanos en Cuba | Octubre 2024

Resumen Ejecutivo En octubre, un apagón total de más de 48 horas paralizó el país, provocando protestas en varias localidades que fueron reprimidas por el régimen. Esta crisis energética se agravó con los devastadores efectos de un huracán que azotó el oriente de la isla, causando inundaciones, pérdidas humanas y [...]

Failure to Fulfill the Obligation to Provide Reparation to Victims of Gender-Based Violence in Cuba

This report analyzes the serious shortcomings of the reparations system for victims of gender-based violence in Cuba, highlighting its failure to comply with the obligations established by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | September 2024

Resumen Ejecutivo Durante septiembre de 2024, Cuba enfrentó una profunda crisis estructural agravada por apagones prolongados, escasez de alimentos, colapso del sistema sanitario, impagos laborales y un notable aumento de la inseguridad ciudadana. A pesar de este colapso multisectorial, el régimen cubano destinó importantes recursos a la represión interna y [...]

Electoral Violence and Enforced Disappearances in Cuba: Tools of the Cuban Government to Control and Repress

El informe "Violencia Electoral y Desapariciones Forzadas en Cuba: Desafíos y Recomendaciones", elaborado por Cubalex y Justicia 11J, revela un inquietante panorama de cómo el régimen cubano recurre a la violencia electoral y la desaparición forzada como herramientas de control. Publicado originalmente en el sitio oficial de la Oficina del [...]

Monthly Reports

Monthly report on the human rights situation in Cuba | August 2026

In August 2026, Cubalex documented 94 public protests—primarily motivated by prolonged power outages—and 280 repressive events, including 543 incidents of harassment against at least 187 victims. The report records 5 deaths in custody, 3 enforced disappearances, 30 arbitrary detentions—several of minors—and death threats [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | July 2026

Cubalex recorded 388 repressive events involving 817 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the forced exile of political prisoner Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara after serving five years in prison, three deaths in custody due to medical negligence, and the simultaneous operation against 25 activists [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | June 2026 

Cubalex recorded 319 repressive events involving 608 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the arrest of comedian Eddy Ceballos, accused of espionage for documenting a military installation; the record-breaking 253 protests; and the burning of the Orlando Pantoja Tamayo House Museum. [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | May 2026 

Cubalex recorded 304 repressive events involving 597 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the forced exile of Lady in White Sissi Abascal Zamora as a condition of her release, the death in custody of political prisoner Ernesto Brieva Sempé, and the demonstrations following more than [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | April 2026 

Cubalex recorded 370 repressive events involving 779 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the inhumane conditions denounced by political prisoner Alexander Díaz Rodríguez upon his release from prison, the kidnapping of athlete Javier Ernesto Martín Gutiérrez, and the hacking of activists' accounts and [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | March 2026

Cubalex recorded 346 repressive events involving 684 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the 49-day hunger strike of political prisoner Roilán Álvarez Rensoler, the protest in Morón where demonstrators burned Communist Party property, and the imprisonment of the elderly man [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | February 2026

Cubalex recorded 242 repressive events involving 528 incidents of harassment during the month. Among the reported cases were the mass protest by inmates at the Ciego de Ávila Provincial Prison, the detention of the content creators of "El 4tico," and the maritime interception of a group of [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | January 2026

Cubalex recorded 246 human rights violations involving 540 repressive incidents during the month. Among the reported cases, the case of opposition member Ángel Moya Acosta stands out, remaining among those with the highest number of documented repressive acts against him. [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | December 2025

The end of 2025 revealed a profound and sustained deterioration of life in Cuba. December, in a particularly stark way, condensed the accumulated effects of a crisis that is no longer temporary: it is structural, pervasive, and pervasive. The collapse of basic services, the precariousness of the system of [...]

Monthly Report on the Human Rights Situation in Cuba | November 2025

Cubalex recorded 165 human rights violations, including 343 incidents of repression, during the month. Among the reported cases, the case of political prisoner José Antonio Pompa López stands out. He began a hunger strike after his arbitrary transfer from Combinado del Este prison to another prison outside Havana. [...]

Semiannual Reports

Trends and Patterns of Repression in Cuba | First Half of 2026

Trends and Patterns of Repression in Cuba | Second Half of 2025

Trends and Patterns of Repression in Cuba | First Half of 2025

Trends and Patterns of Repression in Cuba | Second Half of 2024 

Thematic reports

Cubalex presented at ASCE 2026: These are the legal obstacles to humanitarian assistance in Cuba

Deaths in custody in prison facilities (2024–2026)

Cuba: Social Militarization and De Facto Exceptionality

The Undeclared State of War

Hunger Strikes in Cuba: Causes and State Responsibility 

Social Militarization and De Facto Exceptionality in Cuba: Evolution of Repressive Dynamics and Territorial Control | March 2026

Special Report: Release from Prison as a Negotiation Asset in Cuba (1998-2026)

Report on the Situation of Persons with Psychosocial Disabilities in Cuban Prisons 

Early Release in Cuba: Lack of Transparency and Political Use of the Judicial System 

Interrogations in Cuba: Pattern of State Repression and Rights Violations (2022-2024) 

Failure to Fulfill the Obligation to Provide Reparation to Victims of Gender-Based Violence in Cuba

Electoral Violence and Enforced Disappearances in Cuba: Tools of the Cuban Government to Control and Repress

Note

Cubalex systematically documents human rights violations in Cuba based on direct reports from victims and witnesses, monitoring of open sources on the internet and social media, and cross-verification with allied organizations.

Each documented event may contain multiple linked incidents, carried out by State agents or by third parties acting with their acquiescence. Incidents include harassment, persecution, criminalization, and physical violence against personal integrity, liberty, and life. Repression is widespread; the majority of identified victims are activists, human rights defenders, and independent journalists.

The gender of each victim is recorded based on the information available at the time of documentation. Cubalex acknowledges the limitations of this record in a context where gender self-identification does not have legal protection in Cuba.

The figures presented are not exhaustive. Digital monitoring does not reach victims without internet or mobile phone access, nor those who depend on third parties to make their situation public. Cubalex acknowledges that a significant number of violations remain undocumented.

If you have information on cases that have not been documented, you may contact us confidentially at [email protected]. Cubalex protects the identity of victims, witnesses and sources in accordance with its own security protocols.

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